Depressão e hipotireoidismo: Uma revisão sistemática Depression and hypothyroidism: A systematic review

Resumo

Background and Objective: Given the global prevalence of depressive disorders and their potential association with neuroendocrine conditions like hypothyroidism, this study aimed to explore the relationship between hypothyroidism and depression or depressive symptoms. Methods: Using databases such as PubMed, Embase, and CAPES, and following the PRISMA methodology, studies published between 2018 and 2022 were selected. The inclusion criteria encompassed articles in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, using various diagnostic methods, including laboratory tests and clinical interviews or psychological scales. Reviews, animal studies, and other types of non-primary publications were excluded. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Among the 14 selected articles, a significant association between hypothyroidism and depression emerged, particularly in women, including those undergoing hormone replacement therapy. However, data on the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and depression were conflicting. Additionally, hypothyroidism as a comorbidity in major depressive disorder may contribute to severe clinical outcomes. Conclusions: These results suggest a possible association between hypothyroidism and depression. This finding underscores the importance of evaluating thyroid function in depressed patients, especially women, for effective diagnosis and treatment, aligned with evidence-based clinical practice.